Treatment regimens for viral diseases

Mycoplasmosis - treatment regimen of Irzhik

For mild cases (mild symptoms, when there are - when there are not), ofloxacin is enough. For severe cases - avelox with clarithromycin. All - 10 mg / kg of weight every 12 hours in the antiphase

Take at the pharmacy OFLOXACIN 200 mg tablets and CLARITHROMYCIN 250 mg tablets (or capsules, even better, it is more convenient to dissolve in water). Make a suspension: crush the tablet and dilute it in water for injection. Calculate so that it would be convenient for you to give the cat, so that there would be not a lot of liquid containing 10 mg of the drug per 1 kilogram of the animal's weight. For example, it will be convenient to dilute 1 tablet of 200mg of ofloxacin in 10 ml of water , then for a 2 kilogram kitten you will need 1 ml of a ready-made solution for reception. Or dilute the same tablet in 5 ml of water, then you will need 0.5 ml of the finished solution for the reception. And so on. To give each drug in an antiphase with an interval of 12 hours means the following:

6-00 clarithromycin,
12-00 ofloxacin
18-00 clarithromycin
24-00 ofloxacin.

Store ready-made solutions in the refrigerator, shake thoroughly before putting them into a syringe (without a needle).

The course of treatment with any antibiotic should be at least 6-7 days. The rest depends on the severity of the disease and its duration. Chronic infections are usually treated longer. But abuse is also dangerous for the intestinal flora. If the cat is clearly relieved for 2-3 days of treatment, you are on the right track.

Lichen

Diagnostics - pros, cons, reliability.

1) Wood's lamp is the worst way to diagnose, regardless of external manifestations, microsporia mutates, so it does not always glow. In addition, it sometimes glows, but it turns out not to be lichen.
2) Scraping. If there are manifestations, then from the place of manifestations. The most optimal option. If there are no manifestations, then from possible places - ears, nape, paws, tail, back. This is not done everywhere and it will cost a pretty penny. 100% guarantee of the purity of the cat does not give
3) The most effective way, if the cat is outwardly clean, is a preventive dose of a single vaccine against lichen microderma or polyvac. If the cat stays clean after 10 days, it is guaranteed to be clean. Besides, these vaccines cost pennies.

Treatment

1) The most, perhaps, sucks - nizoral in all kinds. And all medications containing the same active ingredient - ketoconazole.
The time of nizoral has passed, microsporia is used to it.
2) Trimicide (it is a trimicide, because I can't say anything about trimycin, I haven't tried it), a prolonged antibiotic, begins to act immediately. Usually 2 injections are enough, in rare cases three. It is pricked at intervals of 5-7 days. In some cases, 4-5 injections are needed, but this is rare.
3) Microderm, polivak in therapeutic doses. Here as luck would have it. Three years ago, it worked with a bang, it was enough to make two injections.Then the doctors began to prescribe three.
4) Perhaps the most effective and fastest for today. Flukostat! 5-7 days and there was no shingling. In addition, for many fungal crops where microsporia is detected, only flukostat is an HF antibiotic.

But if you use antibiotics, such as nizoral, flukostat, it is better to first do sowing on mushrooms with sensitivity to antibiotics, so as not to torment the cat with extra pills and not to waste precious time, because there are cases when there are no sensitive antibiotics at all for sowing. Then it makes sense to inject trimicide right away.

Ointments, shampoos, sprays.

I will limit myself to one point, I used it in 2008 in full. More basta. The only thing is, after treatment, you can wash the cat once with shampoo if there is no ketoconazole in its composition, or if ketoconazole suddenly turned out to be sensitive.

And most importantly, we must remember that lichen passes faster with a good immune system.

Ronko with lichen is still probably not, imunofan is still yes, probiotics are great (lactobifadol and other veterinary probiotics are not considered, from human I use only those probiotics that are in vials), because the cat's intestines are responsible for 70% of the immune system. And, of course, the cat should not have worms and protozoa.

Tsamax is wonderful, moreover, in some cases, lichen is treated only by him alone. But the process will take longer than taking a flukostat or trimicide injections. In addition, it is very rare, but cats have tsamax intolerance.

Personally, my advice is to vaccinate prophylactically in order to identify possible carriers of all new animals before releasing them into the community, even if they have been quarantined for more than one month before that. If after 10-14 days it remains clean, then it is really clean. Lichen does not have any incubation cells.

As of January 2012, a new treatment with the griseovulfin-based Dermicocide vaccine was tested, in principle, the trimicide has the same properties, but the dermicocide is a certified drug and is distributed in vet.clinics, another plus is the price, the price of a bottle for 5 doses is 300 rubles. The drug is already completely ready for use, i.e. it does not require any additional dilutions. Cats are well tolerated

Checking the cat after treatment

1) A simple scraping on dermatophytes, even if it shows a clean result, it is not a fact that the lichen is cured. Reliability 50/50
2) It is also not a fact that it is cured if all the foci are overgrown.
3) Microderm or polyvac prophylactic dose, as with the initial diagnosis of lichen, is probably a good option. If the cat has something left in a hidden / latent form, it will open after the injection and it will be clear that the cat is not cured.
4) Sowing on mushrooms (mycology), effectively, but 10 times more expensive than watering. According to the time also, sowing is done for 14 days, after watering / microderma, possible foci are opened on the average on the 10th day, a maximum of 14.
Mycoplasmosis and Staphylococcus

For example, you are treating a cat / cats from mycoplasmosis, everything seems to be going great, when suddenly in the middle of treatment or at the end of the cat/cats start sneezing, coughing, someone develops conjunctivitis. There are two ways, either the antibiotic from myco does not work, and the treatment from myco is getting harder to pick up every time), or a secondary staphylococcal bacterium develops, which is why I am now a fan of treating mycoplasma with two antibiotics.

Having tried several schemes, namely -

fromilide uno + baitril (baitril in this case completely magically removed the secondary, completely without acting on miko)
fromilid UNO + Avelox (was the dead scheme, no Miko, or from the secondary does not help)
yunidoks + vilprafen (best of what I know today, but if you take these drugs alone does not always help), based on the observations in the last diagram vs Miko works yunidoks and vilprafen removes staphylococcal secondary.

I strongly advise those who treat mycoplasmosis. If you have been treating myco for a long time and persistently, but at the same time there are such things as coughing, conjunctivitis, sneezing and if there are skin problems such as sores, take a myco test. It may well turn out that you have already cured miko and it is necessary to treat staphylococcal secondary.

Now a little bit about why antibiotics can "work " with myco, which are not suitable for the treatment of myco at all. Namely, cephalosporins, amoxicillin and others that do not have indications for mycoplasmosis. With myco, staphylococci are activated, which more often give symptoms of the disease than mycoplasmosis itself. You, without passing the tests, begin to treat with the above antibiotics and get positive results, believing that once the antibiotic helped, it means it's not miko. But after a while, the symptoms return, because they can't help but return, because the main pathogen (mycoplasma) is still in the body. So you can "treat" forever.

And it is necessary to monitor the general condition of cats, because any diseases, stresses, poor-quality nutrition leads to the activity of staphylococci.

And yes, all three schemes have the right to life, because if the first two did not help someone, but only the third helped, it does not mean that the first two will not help anyone. Here everything depends on the strain of the myco itself and the sensitivity of staphylococcus to these antibiotics.

It also removes the secondary sinulox and noroclave very well. I.e., the unidox and sinulox scheme has the right to life.

And in conclusion, about the livers, which, in the opinion of many, must surely die from such schemes. I will disappoint, not only will they not die, but they are not going to. Although ex-hepatitis and ex-lipidosis patients were treated according to such schemes. So the reasons for the dead livers should be looked for elsewhere.
Mycoplasmosis

There are many schemes. Previously, unidox, sumamed, and tylosin were used very successfully. They can help even now, but there are times when they are powerless, then fromilid uno will come to the rescue. And yes, the carrier of mycoplasmosis is not the norm, it should not be normal.

The treatment regimen of fromilid uno 1/3 t 1 time a day is only 10-14 days (14 is better, in 10 the symptoms can go away, but the carrier remains!) plus something for the immune system. For example, immunophane by ampoule every other day (only 5 injections). In the eyes, if they get dirty, tetracycline 2-4 r / d.

In some cases, it is allowed to take fromilide uno for up to 21 days.
 
After treatment, i.e. 10-14 days after the last antibiotic intake, it is necessary to pass a control analysis for mycoplasmosis to make sure that it is not left in the carrier. Because if it remains in the carrier after some time it will come out again. If the analysis is clean, you can sleep peacefully, because something that is not there cannot come out.

And now attention! How to take a mycoplasmosis test correctly. In all laboratories, smears are taken from the eyes and nose, this is not enough! It is necessary to take swabs from the throat as well. This is more reliable, and it is better to increase the interval after the antibiotic, i.e. to take the test not on the 10th - 14th day after the antibiotic, but on the 20th.

The treatment regimen with unidox / doxycycline still takes place, because it works more often than it does not work if the dosages are calculated correctly. And the dosages have also changed over time. The calculation looks like this - 10 mg of doxycycline per 1 kg of weight, i.e. for a 5 kg cat, this is 1/2 unidox tablet or a whole capsule of 50 mg of doxycycline. Drink for a long time, a month and a half.

Avelox is expensive and so far I have not seen cats who this antibiotic would help (or even more precisely, it did not help in a bunch of fromilid + avelox).

In general, everything depends on the strain, one strain beats one antibiotic perfectly, this antibiotic will be useless to another. Here only by trial.

for lovers of combining. Despite the instructions for baitril, my doctor does not prohibit the combination of unidox and baitril, as well as fromilide and baitril.

The best scheme for today is vilprafen + unidox.

Vilprafen 500 mg 1/4 per cat twice a day for at least 21 days (or even a month)

Unidox solutab 1/2 per cat twice a day for a month and a half

If the cat is small, then all dosages are reduced exactly twice. If suddenly the cat does not tolerate such dosages, they again decrease by half.

Rhino, calicivirosis, panleukopenia

cefotaxime 1 g diluted in 5 ml of novocaine. The solution diluted with novocaine is not stored. If diluted in water for injection in the same dosages, then store in the refrigerator for a day, a maximum of two. From the bottle, dial the desired dose into the syringe (0.2 ml per 1 kg of weight) strictly in / m 2-3 times a day for only 10-14 days.
cycloferon 0.1-0.2 ml per 1 kg of weight (depending on the severity of the disease) once a day in / m (n / a is allowed) 1, 2 days, then every other day there are only 10 injections

in principle, this is enough for reno, you can add a symptomatic for the eyes (tobrex, floxal)

with rhino or calicivirosis ,

if there are ulcers, add lugol, chamomile solution, sea buckthorn oil to choose from.
if there are ulcers, it would be good to add actovegin i / m once a day at a dose of 0.1 ml per 1 kg of weight for only 5-7 days.
if the cat is seriously ill, you can add a cathode of 1.0-2.0 ml per cat once a day for 7-10 days.

panleukopenia is all the same, but aktovegin and katozal are still mandatory.

and I won't say about calicivirosis with panleukopenia, but the rhinushnik after treatment according to this scheme is most often not determined in the tests, i.e. it goes into a latent form at the expense of time, although there are exceptions.Well, this is only suitable for those cats who do not have mycoplasma and chlamydia. And I would still start with the usual doses of cefotaxime, and then according to the situation.

I tried adding aloe and ascorbic acid to this scheme, to be honest, I didn't see the difference, therefore I don't see the point in unnecessary injections.

If it is known for sure that there is myco and chlamydia, you can add sumamed to everything, macrolides are combined with cephalosporins. The dosage of sumamed for an adult kosh is 1/2 tablet 125 mg 2 times a day for only 10-14 days.

Vitafel G and S, I don't use globfel, I don't see the point in them.I also don't use fosprenil, gamavit and other stuff.

Recently I looked in one topic that the doctor prescribed cefotaxime p / c, in the same dilutions, but the dosage is 1ml per cat.

reno, caliciviroz scheme No. 2

cefotaxime and cycloferon as described above.
The cathode is mandatory
Add anaferon for adults 1/2 per adult cat 2 times a day for 10-14 days

The nose with strong, especially purulent snot is washed with metrogil, then with furacilin 2-3 times a day. The real thing. Recently, one cat had blood pus instead of snot, after two days of such washing, there was no trace of it. Furatsilin dilute 5 tablets per glass. If ulcers are implied inside the nose, then after all these washings, we bury sea buckthorn oil.

And the human synupret works wonderfully with snot, 1/4 tablet per cat 2 times a day for 5-14 days.

In some particularly severe cases, it is necessary either to change cefotaxime to clindamycin, or to inject both (both of these two antibiotics are used). The antibiotic is changed if, when taking the first one, there is no improvement within 5 days or there is a persistent deterioration.

Recently I was at a reception with Yulia Sergeevna Khokhlova in a MOMENT, so she confirmed my concerns about the resistance of bacteria to cephalosporins, she prescribes them already in double dosage (by the way, I have already seen this in other prescriptions), but she sometimes prescribes the same cefatoxim, ceftriaxone not twice as before, but three times. Cefazolin is not considered at all.

I don't know if a triple injection of cefotaxime would have helped my cats in January with that horror, I didn't think of increasing the dose or injecting three times. I came up with the idea of combining cefotaxime and clindamycin, who were seriously ill, and I don't regret a second.

EDIT ON THE DOSAGES OF CEPHALOSPORINS.

Dosages have officially increased. Previously, there was a dosage of 0.1 ml per 1 kg of weight, now 0.2 ml per 1 kg of weight. The multiplicity can be increased up to 3 times a day instead of 2
Giardiasis

ornidazole 500 mg 1/4 t per adult, ordinary cat twice a day for only 10 days. This may or may not be enough. To be sure, after ornidazole, it is better to sell another course of biseptol. Biseptol adult 1/4 tablets twice a day for 7-10 days. Cats have a lot of saliva from biseptol, so you need to shove it down your throat quickly, then everything is fine, or breed it with meat baby food.

After treatment, feces for protozoa should be taken at least twice with an interval of at least five days (ideally 3 times, however, as well as for the presence of protozoa)

Cat flu (aka parainfluenza)

Mild cases
of mild pochikhi and all
sinulox table.250 mg 1/4 t 2 r per day for only 5 days
cycloferon 0.1 ml per 1 kg of weight according to the rhino scheme, but 5-7 injections are enough

Severe cases

pneumonia, fever, snot
scheme see treatment of rhinos No. 1.

the parainfluenza proceeds with symptoms of rhino, but the tests for rhino are clean. Everyone is sick. Both vaccinated and not vaccinated. The severity of symptoms does not depend on vaccination / non-vaccination in any way.
Toxoplasmosis

I do not know what helped, but for some reason it seems to be clindamycin

the idea with clindamycin is taken from here

Cat No. 1 .

There were periodic redness of the eyes and dark discharge in the corners, there were no other reasons for this, toxo suspected. Passed, received 1/16. The verdict of the doctor is either ill or chronicled.In what I did not allocate (I handed over as it should be several times).Rovamycin 1500000 units 1/2 2 times a day for 14 days, after three months clindamycin 0.5 ml 2 r per day for 14 days (clindamycin is not from toxo prick, but with toxo it is prescribed)

Cat No. 2

In what I did not allocate (passed more than once), in the blood 1/16 .

They were not treated specifically for toxo. I received clindamycin in the same dosage as cat No. 1. Now, without antibodies, both the eyes of cat No. 1 no longer turn red and nothing else stands out from them.

Of course, there are forms of toxo that can hardly be cured. For example, when it came to convulsions and severe lesions of internal organs, but it's still rare.

Cat No. 3

He isolated oocysts, had dark discharge from the eyes and sneezing. On treatment with clindamycin, he showed the first negative result.
Poisoning

Honestly, I have treated poisoning twice in my life, for the first time in 1999 in my own way, when she was poisoned by dust, her condition was severe, she was unconscious, limbs stretched out, drool and foam from her mouth, glass eyes, she wrote under herself.Then we tried tsamax for the first time, because the doctor said to put us to sleep without options, and we had no money.But tsamax was.The cat was not swallowing, so they bred and poured a little bit from the pipette and turned the Fret over so that everything got inside.Four days later, the cat was running.She lived for another 10 years.They didn't give anything extra, they didn't pour it in.

The second case is when some of my cats were poisoned by a line that got acetone (at the factory where the line is made).Symptoms can be viewed on the Internet, then only tsamax was also used, and only in one case I added a physicist subcutaneously so that everything came out faster with urine.The heaviest cat on the next day caught birds outside the window.The only thing is, I gave tsamax not once a day, but for the first time every two hours, then four hours later, the next day already once a day.Almost all cats who initially swallowed with difficulty and barely unclenched their jaws after two hours already drank more decently, the glassiness has passed from the eyes.

I always use the most common Tsamax, I do not recognize others. And in some, very rare cases, there is an individual intolerance.In my memory, this happened once and I read about it once more.If, after taking tsamax, the cat suddenly has a sharp increase in activity, pupils increase, then it is by no means possible to give the drug any more.

Calicivirosis, rhinotracheitis, panleukopenia

 The sooner you seek help at the clinic, the more chances you have to start treatment on time and save the kitten from a terrible disease!

Stage 1

* Vitafel-globulin 4 days at a dose.
* Phosprenyl (Roncoleukin) – n/a 1 kg weight - 0.4 ml of 5 days (or human cycloferon to put on a complicated scheme: 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 15 day subcutaneously into the withers 0.5 amp.)
* Immunofan - p/1 ampoule a day, a total of 4 times.
* Gamavit (aminovit, vitam) - n / a 0.5 ml 2 times a day for 2 weeks
* Globulins (Globfel-4 at 1 dose every 24 hours, but if there is no improvement after 4 hours, Globfel should be abandoned)
* Cefazolin (antibiotic) - in / m 2 times a day for 7 days for a cat 0.5 ml, kittens 0.3 ml (human).
* From temperature - 0.2 ml of diphenhydramine + 0.2 ml of analgin + 0.1 ml of no-shpa
* rinse the nose with dioxidine and bury the mastiette-forte
* with suppuration of the eyes - sofradex (human pharmacy)
* with dehydration - Ringer's solution or saline solution, at least 60 ml per day. Force them to drink from a syringe.
* daily quartz treatment with a non-flowing bactericidal lamp, treatment of the room with a domestos, spraying with an ionizer constantly.

Stage 2

* Ribotan - p/k 1ml 1 time a day for 5 days
* Maxidine or catozal
* Sumomed (antibiotic)- continue immediately after cefazolin. 6 days 0.5 baby tablets (1/4 of 125 mg) per adult cat and a quarter per kitten

Stage 3

To remove the carrier of the virus, it is necessary 2 weeks after all injections and recovery:

* repeat the course of cycloferon and immunophane to all cats of the kennel
* 2 weeks after the 2nd course of cycloferon, it is necessary to be vaccinated with a vaccine.

 The scheme is simple

1. Vitafel-globulin 4 days by dose
2. Cycloferon 0.5 according to the scheme - 1.2.4.7.10.14 day
3. Immunofan 4 days by dose
4. Gamavit (aminovit, vitam, etc.) - 2 weeks of 1 ml
5. Fosprenil 5 days according to the scheme
6. Sumamed 6 days for 0.5 children's tablets (1/4 of 125 mg) per adult cat and a quarter per kitten
7. Rinse the nose with dioxidine and bury the mastiette forte.
8. At the first stage of the mastiet-forte in the eyes. On the final one - activegin jelly and dexamethasone alternate 2 times a day.
9. A month after the end of treatment, proglistogonit stronghold or 3 times tablets
10 Instill felovax 2 times.
11. Sleep peacefully after doing the tests.

Infectious rhinotracheitis

Maksidin has proven itself quite successfully as a means of etiotropic therapy of infectious rhinotracheitis (Ilchenko E.D. et al., 2001). The drug is applied subcutaneously 0.5 ml 2 times a day for 5 days (since the drug is painful, kittens are injected with 0.5% novocaine). With this method of treatment, improvement occurs already on the 3rd day after the start of treatment, and by the 5th-7th day in 87% of cases, complete recovery is observed. However, when using only maxidine as a means of etiotropic therapy, chronization of the viral infectious process can be observed in 13% of cases, and recovery occurs only 2-3 weeks after the start of treatment. To increase the effectiveness of treatment, maxidine has recently been used in combination with fosprenil. At the same time, the scheme of application of maxidine remains the same as described above, and fosprenil is administered orally at a dose of 0.5-1 ml 1 time a day for 2 days in combination with daily treatment of the mucous membrane of the tongue and palate (in cases of ulceration), and maxidine is also used in the form of eye drops in cases of purulent discharge from the eyes. Such a scheme of etiotropic therapy gives almost 100% cure already on the 4th-5th day, while there are no cases of chronic infection. The increase in the effectiveness of treatment with the simultaneous use of both drugs can, in our opinion, be explained by the fact that each of them separately, according to experimental data, has an antiviral effect against the herpes virus. It is logical to assume that when using maxidine and fosprenil, a synergistic ("doubled") antiviral effect is observed.

Sometimes after rhinotracheitis there are lingering consequences - snot, wheezing, although the animal no longer secretes the virus. Therefore, rinsing the nose with dioxidine and dripping mastiette forte will be appropriate here. However, for a long time, at least two weeks, even if all the symptoms go away - continue treatment two or three times a day.

If the nose is clogged and the cat can't breathe, children's naphthyzine is 1:1 to dioxidine. Type about 1-2 ml into a syringe without a needle and rinse each nostril. He will sneeze at everything, so have napkins on hand. If breathing is not difficult, dilute dioxidine with boiled water 1:1. Rinse 3-5 times a day until there is a discharge from the nose. If the sputum is viscous, you can use drugs that dilute it, for example, mukaltin.

The main signs of infection: an increase in body temperature (above 39 degrees), decreased motor activity or depression, decreased appetite or complete refusal of food and water, vomiting or diarrhea may occur, often discharge from the nose and eyes, ulcers on the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, salivation, etc. It is important to understand that cats and dogs do not have this: just sneezes - probably caught a cold. Such symptoms indicate the presence of infection in the animal's body and it is necessary to help him cope with the disease.

Although there are many infections and they are all different, the principles of treatment for most of them are similar.

1). Creation of passive immunity - when ready-made antibodies are injected into the animal's body. Especially effective in the first days of the disease.

To do this, use hyperimmune (from several infections at once) serum or globulin (differ in their concentration). For example, VITAFEL (for cats), Vitakan (for dogs). Subcutaneously administered 1 dose per animal (regardless of body weight and age) 2 or 3 times with an interval of 12-24 hours, depending on the severity of the infectious process.

The injected ready-made antibodies find an antigen (pathogen) in the body and neutralize it. ATTENTION: GLOBKAN serum in practice proved to be unable to protect puppies from infection! I recommend only VITAKAN!!!

2). Maintaining active immunity is the immunity of the body itself, which produces its antibodies in response to the action of an antigen (pathogen).

For this purpose, various immunostimulants are used. There are many of them, they act in different ways: cycloferon (antiviral drug), roncoleukin, neovir, derinate, polyoxidonium, fosprenyl, maxidine, anandine, kametone, there are tissue (thymogen, thymoline, placenta extract) and many others.

Additionally, it can be used in the form of drops in the eyes-nose: anandine, maxidine, derinate, polyoxidonium - intranasal.

3). Maintaining nonspecific immunity is something like a general strengthening of the body: vitamin preparations (for cats 0.3- 0.5 1-2 times a day); probiotics - contain cultures of bacteria that produce protective substances in the intestine (lactobifid, bifidumbacterin, neoferon, etc.) - are given inside at the stage of recovery when the animal begins to eat. Tissue immunostimulants can also be attributed here.

4). Substitution therapy - when the animal does not drink and does not eat, and nutrients and fluid in the body are consumed, it is necessary to inject isotonic salt solutions (0.9% sodium chloride, Ringer's or Hartman's solution), glucose (5%, 10% solution) and vitamins (nicotinic acid is very important for cats, group B - B1, B6, B12, etc.) parenterally: subcutaneously or intravenously, preheat to 37-38 degrees.

In addition, vitamins and solutions help to relieve intoxication, which is always present in a sick body.

The amount of injected fluid should not exceed physiological norms, respectively, no more than 50 ml per kg of body weight per day.

The ratio of salt solutions to glucose solution 3:1. On average, 30-40 ml of phys. per cat.solution + 10-20 ml of 5% glucose + 0.5-2 ml of vitamin 1-2 times a day.

5). Antibiotics - you need to be careful with them. It is used to prevent complications on the kidneys and other organs, the exception is chlamydia - it is treated with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, tetracyclines and some other antimicrobial agents acting on mycoplasmas and rickettsii. Therefore, it is better to immediately use fluoroquinolones: baitril (enroxyl), macropene, etc.

From other groups, amoxicillin (klamoxil, neopen), cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefatoxim, ceftriaxone) are often used in appropriate doses.

Antibiotics should be used for at least 5-7 days, usually 7-10 days. According to the instructions 1-3 times a day. With chlamydia -14 days.

6). Symptomatic therapy - only if absolutely necessary! So, for example, do not persistently try to bring down the temperature (except very high), this is a protective reaction, do not interfere with the body to fight!

Complex therapy of chlamydial infections of dogs and cats

 Ravilov R.H., Iskhakov G.M., Kashov V.N.

FGOU VPO "Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine”

Materials of the XVII Moscow International Congress

 

In the treatment of chlamydia, the dominant role is given to etiotropic therapy, which is based on the sensitivity of chlamydia to chemotherapy drugs. Tetracycline antibiotics, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones have a high suppressive activity against chlamydia.

However, despite the fact that there are various publications on the successful use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of chlamydia, the only drug in this group that is recommended for the treatment of the disease is ofloxacin. Such restrictions in the use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of chlamydia infection are due to the fact that, in comparison with antibiotics of other groups, the percentage of relapses after such therapy is too high. The advantage of ofloxacin over other fluoroquinolones is that resistance to it develops rarely and very slowly.

Tetracycline drugs are the main drugs for the treatment of chlamydia. At the same time, doxycycline has a higher bioavailability and a longer half-life. Doxycycline monohydrate is available in a unique medicinal form Solutab, which makes treatment with its help the most compliant.

The most effective against chlamydia are macrolides. In some cases, erythromycin is effective, it is prescribed for 14-15 days at the rate of 30 mg per kg of weight, 3 times a day.

Despite the fact that tetracycline and erythromycin have been used for several decades to treat chlamydia infections, these drugs are still widely used, which indicates that resistance to them is not always a big problem. However, some publications of recent years indicate the ineffectiveness of therapy with erythromycin and tetracycline in 10-25% of patients with chlamydia.

The drug of choice in the treatment of chlamydia in dogs and cats is azithromycin. It has a long half-life, is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, is stable in the acidic environment of the stomach, is quickly distributed through tissues, transported by leukocytes to the site of inflammation, has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity.

Clarithromycin is resistant to beta-lactamase, has high activity against intracellular pathogens. The drug is stable in the acidic environment of the stomach, is rapidly absorbed unchanged. The level of its concentration in tissues is several tens of times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration of most microorganisms.

In recent years, a new antibiotic from the group of macrolides has appeared – josamycin, it has shown high activity in chlamydia. After ingestion, it is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The drug is more stable than tetracyclines. The high concentration of josamycin in the tissues guarantees high clinical efficacy. When using this drug, dyspeptic and other side complications were practically not encountered. The antibiotic stimulates the functional activity of macrophages, dramatically increasing their absorption and digesting functions.

In the initial stage, the disease is treatable and recovery in these cases occurs in most animals. On the contrary, antibiotic therapy in the chronic phase of the disease has significantly less activity. Persistent chlamydia is believed to be more resistant to antibiotics. When developing a treatment plan, the possibility of chlamydia persistence in the body should be taken into account.

In the treatment of acute infection (1-2 weeks) localized on the mucous membranes, as a rule, only antibacterial therapy is sufficient and there is no need to apply additional therapeutic measures. In this case , effective:

- tetracyclines

doxycycline - 4-6 mg per kg of weight 2 times a day for at least 7 days, the first dose of the drug should be 8-10 mg

metacycline – 10-12 mg per kg of weight 4 times a day for 7-10 days

- macrolides

azithromycin - a single dose of 12-15 mg per kg of weight 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals

erythromycin - 6 mg per kg of weight 4 times a day for 10 days

josamycin - 6-8 mg per kg of weight 2 times a day for 10 days

clarithromycin - 4-6 mg per kg of weight 2 times a day for 10 days

Antibiotics should be prescribed in combination (one drug from each group), which is effective in combating antibiotic resistance.

In the treatment of patients with deep tissue damage and recurrent chlamydia (prolonged conjunctivitis and rhinitis, abortion, stillbirth, infertility, etc.), and animals with this form of the disease are most often registered in veterinary clinics, use all of the above antibiotics, but the duration of their appointment should be longer than with uncomplicated forms of the disease (up to 3 weeks). Azithromycin is more convenient in these cases – 3 doses of 12-15 mg per kg of weight with an interval of 1 week (1, 8 and 15 days of treatment).

The persistence of chlamydia requires a special approach to treatment. The most optimal in these cases is therapy based on a combination of antibiotics and immune drugs, while it is necessary to start treatment with a course of immunotherapy (3-4 days before the start of antibiotic therapy).

Based on our own research, we propose the following variant of immunotherapy prior to the appointment of antibiotics:

- neovir 4-6 mg / m 1 time a day every other day, for a total of 6-10 injections (the course of antibacterial therapy begins after the 3rd injection);
- interferon-alpha in two 5-day cycles with an interval of 2 weeks at a total dose of 100,000 IU per kg of animal weight per course of treatment.

In the treatment of conjunctivitis, in addition to parenteral administration of antibiotics, ophthalmic ointments of 3% tetracycline or 2% erythromycin are used, which are applied 3-6 times a day under the lower eyelid until the clinic of the disease is registered and another week after the disappearance of conjunctivitis.

In females with chlamydial vaginitis and endometritis, in males with balanoposthitis, antibiotic therapy is combined with the local use of antichlamydial drugs in the form of candles and ointments.

Treatment of sick animals with complicated forms of chlamydia infection should be comprehensive, i.e. it should be combined with anti-inflammatory, symptomatic and physiotherapeutic measures, the choice of which depends on the nature of the pathology.

It should be taken into account that small doses of antibiotics and unsystematic treatment can cause persistence in chlamydia and contribute to the occurrence of relapses. In case of unsuccessful treatment of chlamydia, repeated courses of antimicrobial and immunostimulating drugs are prescribed at intervals of 5-10 days after the completion of the previous course of therapy.

Cats do not have maxillary cavities. It's normal when a cat on the street is normal, and at home all sorts of crap starts crawling out of it. Trash, Rino, Miko- we won't know until we pass the tests. A \ b therapy I would start with Sinulox (vet) or Chemomycin (oral, person) - this is the same Kobaktan, only cheaper. Cats have complex nasal passages, not as straight as a human, so we wash only the front camera by washing the nose. I have good results with such wheezing (polyps, erosion), elementary Sea Buckthorn (oil) gave, a couple of drops in the nasal passage, relieves swelling, heals irritation. Rinse the nose completely = instill in the eyes. You can even use Chlorhexidine (ophthalmologists recommend Floxal). Then try a simple Ciprovet, followed by Ophthalmoferon, then tetracycline ointment. All with an interval of 10 minutes, 3-4 r \ day.

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